Which of the following is NOT a data modeling approach described?

• A. Dataflow Diagrams
• B. Entity-Relationship Diagram
• C. Swim Lane Model
• D. Data Usage Diagrams

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is distinguishing between different ways of modeling how data is handled in a system. In the set described, modeling approaches focus on how data moves, who handles it, and how it’s used within processes: Dataflow diagrams map the journey of data through processes, Swim Lane models organize steps by actor or department to show responsibilities and sequence, and Data Usage diagrams illustrate who uses data and for what purpose. An Entity-Relationship Diagram, on the other hand, centers on the static structure of the data—identifying entities, their attributes, and the relationships between them. It’s about the data schema rather than the flow or usage of data in processes, so in this context it isn’t described as a data modeling approach.